全太锦：明蒙隆庆和议前后边疆社会的变迁——以大同和丰州滩之间碰撞交流为中心 …… 长城小站:《中国长城文献资料数据库》

《明蒙隆庆和议前后边疆社会的变迁——以大同和丰州滩之间碰撞交流为中心》
作　　者：全太锦
出　　处：《中国长城博物馆》 2004年第1期
发表时间：2004-01-01
文　　摘：

本文从大同和丰州滩之间明蒙碰撞交流的视角切入，将突发事件放置在中长时段之中，综合经济、军事、政治、文化、宗教、习尚风俗等多方面因素，深入考察明蒙隆庆和议前后边疆社会的变迁，并分析导致变迁的原因及深远影响。
以俺答汗之孙把汉那吉降明事件为契机，隆庆五年（1571年）明蒙之间缔结“隆庆和议”，结束长达二百多年的战争状态，开启了和平互市的新局面。大同和蒙古丰州滩之间的碰撞交流，集中体现了隆庆和议前后，明蒙边疆政治、经济、文化、风俗等各方面的变迁。
战争状态下，明方在军事重镇大同地区建立起内外两道长城防线，防御蒙古入犯，却仍屡遭蒙古部大规模入寇，致使大同社会凋敝不堪，民不聊生。蒙古丰州滩地区至嘉靖中期发展起板升农耕聚落，成为蒙古游牧经济的重要补充。大同与丰州滩之间的物资及信息交流主要通过战争抢掠和人口流动完成。明蒙边疆人民长期接触与交流，就像坚冰下的潜流，最终冲破寒冰，融解明蒙之间的战争与对立。
隆庆以来，张居正等人推行“外示羁縻，内修守备”边防新政，大力加修巩固明长城，取得明显效果，是明蒙和议的前提条件。加强长城防线军事防御能力是隆庆新政的核心内容，亦是保障明蒙和平互市的坚强后盾。明长城的修筑不但促进北疆经济开发，还成为联结统一多民族国家的纽带。
和议后，大同与丰州滩之间的经济、文化交流愈益广泛深入。长城线上的和平互市紧密联结塞北与江南经济腹心地带，带动了运河沿线商业城镇的勃兴，极大地改善了明蒙人民的生活状况。大同发展成边境商业巨镇，丰州滩成为蒙古部转向定居生活的基地，明蒙边疆出现“胡汉杂蹂”、“喜见车书同”的和平融合局面。隆庆和议不但维系了明蒙边疆六十年和平，还为清初巩固统一多民族国家奠定了基础。

Abstract

The primary aim of this paper is to discuss the conflic and interflow between Datong and Mongolia Fengzhoutan .We will put the incident into the middle or long period, and integrate the factors of economy、military affairs、politics、culture、religion、customs and so on,in order to thorough research the changing of frontier society around The Long-qing Peace Treaty，meanwhile analyse the reasons and its further influence.
of the interflow content and form between Datong and Mongolia Fengzhoutan reflected the vicissitudes in politics, economy, culture and customs and so on of border area aroud the Long-qing Peace Treaty.
In the war, the Ming government built two the Great Wall lines to defend the invading from Mongolia, but they failed sometimes, which made Datong society desolate. In the middle of Jia-jing ,the agriculture village Baishin developed in Mongolia Fengzhoutan area, which became the important supplement to Mongolia nomadic economy. The exchanging of materials and information between Datong and Mongolia Fengzhoutan were realized through war plunder and population moving.
Since Long-qing, Zhangjuzheng and other people carried out the new frontier policy ,strengthed the Great Wall and achieved obvious success, which became the prerequisite condition for the Ming-Mongolia peace treaty. The main content of Long-qing new policy was to strengthen the Great Wall military defense ability , which also was the solid backup to ensure Ming-Mongolia peace bilateral trade.The economy and culture exchanging between Datong and Fengzhoutan went deep after the peace treaty. The peaceful bilateral trade along the Great Wall line combined the frontier and the core economic area of Southern Yangtze, which brought the city business recovery along the the Grant Canal , and improved the Ming-Mongolia people`s standard of living.Datong became a great business town in the frontier area , and Fengzhoutan turned into the main base for the settling down of Mongolia tribe.

Keywords:Datong， Fengzhou tan, baishin, GreatWall, The Long-qing peace treaty, frontier society

参考链接：
　　· http://www.chinagreatwall.org/detail/news_detail.jsp?info_id ...
关键词：大同丰州滩板升隆庆和议长城边疆社会
正　　文：

一、引言

自然地理学上一般以400毫米雨量线作为干旱区和湿润区的界限。这一条雨量线大体位于北纬39-42度之间，就像一条蜿蜒曲折的“带子”，将中国北部边疆地区天然地分成游牧区与农业区。如果说400毫米雨量线是农牧社会无形的自 ……

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